In male mice, anterior cingulate cortex carries unexpected feedback into subsequent sound responses. Neural signals shift after one surprise, while repeated feedback drives a change in choice.

A mouse study links histamine H1 receptors on cholinergic cells to medial septum–dentate gyrus signaling during contextual fear retrieval. Reduced receptor expression increases context-evoked freezing without similarly enhancing tone-cued fear.

Rodent experiments connect TRPA1 with cocaine-related place preference, drug-taking responses and accumbal synaptic changes, with clues involving dopamine uptake and D1 cells.

Sensory thalamic reticular nucleus contributes when mice recognize a familiar companion. A parietal–thalamic circuit and experience-tagged cells link recognition with recall that natural cues no longer readily elicit.

In mice, strengthening visual-to-auditory cortical inputs depends on activity pairing and CCK signaling. Entorhinal inputs also contribute to forming and recalling recent audiovisual associations.

A mouse study connects morphine-responsive neurons, mitochondrial fragmentation and withdrawal, revealing ways to reduce selected withdrawal-related outcomes.

Why does a place become linked with a drug experience? Rat research identifies distinct lateral and medial IPAC activity during morphine-associated place learning, with inputs linked to reward and spatial memory.

In mice, strong ACC activation enhances auditory cortical responses for an hour, whereas direct ACC terminals do not produce the same lasting effect. An indirect connection through lateral rhinal cortex contributes to its induction.

In mice, tau accumulation impairs selected cholinergic cells and septum–hippocampus theta coordination. Activating relevant inputs during early consolidation improves later spatial memory.

Two hippocampal populations fire differently on the same route. In mice, one place-cell population carries more spatial information per spike, while waking and sleep reveal distinct timing patterns.

In DBA/1 mice, a study connects seizure-induced respiratory arrest with locus coeruleus noradrenergic signaling, cardiac tyrosine hydroxylase activity and myocardial β1-adrenergic receptors across ECG and calcium recordings.

In rats, punishment-resistant cocaine taking is associated with anterior-insula hyperactivity. Anterior-insula cells receiving orbitofrontal input provide a population-level point for regulating this behavior.